Hunan

Hunan, abbreviated as “Xiang,” is located in south-central China, along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It’s one of the core provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The capital city, Changsha, blends a rich historical legacy with modern urban life. Other cities like Yueyang, Hengyang, and Zhangjiajie each offer something unique, making Hunan a popular destination in central China.

The landscape of Hunan is largely mountainous and hilly, filled with natural beauty and cultural landmarks. With major rivers such as the Xiang and Yuan Rivers, and iconic attractions like Zhangjiajie and Mount Heng, the province is ideal for both cultural travel and nature-based adventures.

Location of Hunan Province in China

Major Cities in Hunan

Hunan has 13 prefecture-level cities and 1 autonomous prefecture. Each region offers distinct charm, from modern cities to ethnic towns and natural wonders. Whether you want to explore ancient architecture, hike scenic mountains, or immerse yourself in local traditions, Hunan has something for everyone.

The most visited cities are Changsha, Zhangjiajie, Hengyang, Yueyang, and Changde. However, lesser-known places like Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Chenzhou, Huaihua, Yongzhou, Loudi, Yiyang, Shaoyang, and the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are also rich in culture and well worth your time.

City Map of Hunan Province

Changsha

The capital of Hunan is a cultural hub known for Orange Isle, Yuelu Mountain, IFS skyscraper views, and an unbeatable nightlife and food scene.

Zhangjiajie

Famous for its surreal sandstone peaks, this UNESCO-listed site inspired the floating mountains in Avatar. Home to the Wulingyuan Scenic Area and thrilling glass skywalks.

Hengyang

Mount Heng (Hengshan), one of China’s Five Great Mountains, draws pilgrims and hikers alike. The city itself is also a major historic and transport center in southern Hunan.

Yueyang

Sitting on the banks of Dongting Lake, Yueyang is best known for the Yueyang Tower—immortalized in Chinese literature and offering panoramic lake views.

Changde

A balance of history and leisure, Changde features the poetic Taohuayuan (Peach Blossom Land) and relaxing lakeside spots like Liuye Lake, ideal for families.

Top Attractions in Hunan

Hunan offers a perfect mix of natural beauty and cultural depth. From rugged mountains to ancient towns, from religious landmarks to minority villages, it’s a must-visit for travelers seeking more than just mainstream sightseeing.

Top Tourist Attractions in Hunan Province

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park (Zhangjiajie)

Known for towering sandstone pillars, this is one of China’s most photographed natural areas. It's where the Hallelujah Mountains in Avatar were filmed.

Orange Isle (Changsha)

A scenic island in the middle of the Xiang River, ideal year-round. Spring flowers, fall foliage, and historical links to Mao Zedong make it especially memorable.

Yueyang Tower (Yueyang)

A literary and architectural icon, this ancient tower overlooks Dongting Lake and is famed for the saying: “Worry before the people, enjoy after them.”

Mount Heng (Hengyang)

One of China’s sacred mountains, this site offers a spiritual hiking experience with ancient temples and breathtaking ridgelines.

Fenghuang Ancient Town (Xiangxi)

A romantic riverside town with stilt houses, old bridges, and ethnic charm. It’s ideal for walking, photography, and experiencing Miao minority culture.

Peach Blossom Land (Changde)

A dreamy countryside destination said to resemble the utopia described by poet Tao Yuanming—serene, green, and perfect for slow travel.

What to Eat in Hunan

Hunan Cuisine, or Xiang Cuisine, ranks among China’s Eight Culinary Traditions. Known for its intense flavors, bold spiciness, and colorful presentation, it relies heavily on chili, smoked meats, and fermented ingredients. Locals love heat, and nearly every dish features fresh or pickled peppers.

Compared to the mild flavors of Jiangsu cuisine, Hunan food brings the fire—literally. If you enjoy bold, spicy meals, this is your paradise.

Steamed Fish Head with Chopped Chili (Xiangtan)

A signature Hunan dish. Steamed fish head is covered in layers of red chili, delivering intense flavor and tender texture.

Spicy Crawfish (Changsha)

Night markets in Changsha come alive in summer with platters of spicy crayfish and icy local beer. It’s a must-try evening feast.

Stinky Tofu (Changsha)

Crispy on the outside, soft inside, and deliciously funky, this street snack may smell strong—but the taste wins hearts.

Blood Duck (Yongzhou)

A rich and spicy dish where duck and fresh duck blood are stewed together. It’s a bold taste of southern Hunan tradition.

Clay Pot Fermented Dishes (Yiyang/Huaihua)

Known as “Tan Zi Cai,” these dishes are fermented in clay jars—sour, savory, and great with rice.

Jelly Noodles (Zhangjiajie)

Made from mung beans, these slippery cold noodles are seasoned with vinegar and chili oil—perfect for hot summer days.

Basic Facts About Hunan

Area and Population

Hunan covers approximately 211,800 square kilometers and has a population of around 66 million (2023). Here’s a breakdown by city:

  • Changsha: 11,819 sq km, approx. 10 million people
  • Zhuzhou: 11,262 sq km, approx. 3.8 million
  • Xiangtan: 5,017 sq km, approx. 2.8 million
  • Hengyang: 15,810 sq km, approx. 6.9 million
  • Shaoyang: 20,829 sq km, approx. 6.9 million
  • Yueyang: 15,019 sq km, approx. 5.5 million
  • Changde: 18,196 sq km, approx. 5.3 million
  • Zhangjiajie: 9,516 sq km, approx. 1.5 million
  • Yiyang: 12,358 sq km, approx. 4 million
  • Chenzhou: 19,458 sq km, approx. 4.6 million
  • Yongzhou: 22,446 sq km, approx. 4.9 million
  • Huaihua: 27,691 sq km, approx. 4.8 million
  • Loudi: 8,189 sq km, approx. 3.6 million
  • Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture: 15,486 sq km, approx. 2.6 million

Climate and Weather

Hunan has a humid subtropical climate with distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. Here’s a month-by-month weather guide:

  • January: Coldest month; 2–8°C (36–46°F), occasional frost and light snow
  • February: Slightly warmer; 4–10°C (39–50°F), still chilly and damp
  • March: Spring begins; 8–16°C (46–61°F), great for flower-viewing
  • April: Mild and rainy; 13–22°C (55–72°F), bring an umbrella
  • May: Pleasant and warm; 18–27°C (64–81°F), perfect for travel
  • June: Rainy season starts; 22–30°C (72–86°F), high humidity
  • July: Hottest month; 26–34°C (79–93°F), stay cool and hydrated
  • August: Still hot; 26–33°C (79–91°F), thunderstorms common
  • September: Starts to cool; 21–30°C (70–86°F), ideal for hiking
  • October: Cool and dry; 15–25°C (59–77°F), peak tourism season
  • November: Crisp autumn; 10–18°C (50–64°F), great for foliage
  • December: Cold sets in; 5–12°C (41–54°F), often cloudy and wet

Best months to visit Hunan: April–May (spring), September–November (fall).

Postal Codes and Area Codes

Below are the main postal and phone codes for major cities in Hunan:

  • Changsha: ZIP 410000, Area code 0731
  • Zhuzhou: ZIP 412000, Area code 0731
  • Xiangtan: ZIP 411100, Area code 0731
  • Hengyang: ZIP 421000, Area code 0734
  • Shaoyang: ZIP 422000, Area code 0739
  • Yueyang: ZIP 414000, Area code 0730
  • Changde: ZIP 415000, Area code 0736
  • Zhangjiajie: ZIP 427000, Area code 0744
  • Yiyang: ZIP 413000, Area code 0737
  • Chenzhou: ZIP 423000, Area code 0735
  • Yongzhou: ZIP 425000, Area code 0746
  • Huaihua: ZIP 418000, Area code 0745
  • Loudi: ZIP 417000, Area code 0738
  • Xiangxi (Jishou): ZIP 416000, Area code 0743